Supreme Court’s Stand: Respectful Language for Disability Rights

Introduction: Upholding Dignity for Disabled Persons

In a landmark move, the Supreme Court of India has issued a clarion call to the judiciary, urging judges and legal professionals to avoid using dehumanizing language when referring to persons with disabilities. Chief Justice of India Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, at the 9th Annual National Consultation Stakeholders Consultation on ‘Protecting the Rights of Children Living with Disability and Intersectionality of Disabilities,’ emphasized the importance of using sensitive and respectful language when addressing individuals with disabilities. This event, organized by the Juvenile Justice Committee of the Supreme Court in collaboration with UNICEF India, also marked the launch of the Handbook Concerning Persons with Disabilities.

This blog unpacks the Supreme Court’s advisory, the language guidelines suggested in the handbook, and the broader legal landscape surrounding disability rights in India, highlighting the crucial need for respectful and empowering language in legal and societal discourse.


1. Supreme Court’s Message: Respect for Disability RIghts

1.1 Launch of the Handbook Concerning Persons with Disabilities

During the event, the Chief Justice of India (CJI) launched the Handbook Concerning Persons with Disabilities. The handbook, prepared under the guidance of Justice B.V. Nagarathna, Chairman of the Juvenile Justice Committee, Supreme Court of India, includes an entire chapter titled Language and Disabilities. The handbook emphasizes the immense power that the language used by judges in their judgments holds. It can shape societal perceptions and either perpetuate stigma or foster inclusion. The handbook urges the judiciary to adopt a people-first approach, where the individual is prioritized over their disability, to foster dignity and respect for persons with disabilities.

1.2 Avoiding Stereotypes and Stigmatizing Language

Justice Nagarathna, during her address, referred to a pivotal judgment of the Supreme Court, which stresses that the judiciary must avoid language that individualizes impairments and overlooks social barriers. Phrases such as “afflicted,” “suffering,” or “victim” must be avoided as they reinforce negative stereotypes. Instead, neutral and respectful language should be used to ensure that the social model of disability—which focuses on societal barriers rather than individual impairments—is upheld.


2. Language Guidelines for Addressing Disability Rights

2.1 Avoiding Dehumanizing and Derogatory Terms

The Handbook Concerning Persons with Disabilities highlights various dehumanizing terms that have historically been used in legal and societal contexts to describe individuals with disabilities. These terms are not only derogatory but perpetuate harmful stereotypes. For example, terms such as “crippled,” “idiot,” “mad,” and “retard” are highly offensive and should be eliminated from the legal lexicon and everyday language.

Furthermore, words that might seem more neutral but still carry a condescending tone, such as “special,” “differently abled,” or “people of determination,” can also stigmatize the individual by focusing too heavily on their disability rather than their personhood. Instead, judges and legal professionals are advised to use respectful and person-centered language that reflects the lived experience of persons with disabilities.

2.2 People-First vs. Identity-First Language

The handbook suggests using a people-first approach, where the individual is recognized first, and the disability is secondary. For instance, instead of saying “a disabled person,” one should say “a person with a disability.” This approach emphasizes the person rather than their condition, which can help counter the objectification of individuals with disabilities.

Examples:

  • People-first language: “Person with a hearing disability” instead of “hearing-disabled person.”
  • People-first language: “Person with visual impairment” instead of “blind person.”

This approach is consistent with the principles of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), 2006, which India ratified.


3.1 The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act) is a landmark legislation in India, enacted to give effect to the UNCRPD and uphold the dignity, rights, and freedoms of persons with disabilities. The RPwD Act identifies 21 categories of disabilities and provides for measures to ensure non-discrimination, accessibility, and inclusion of disabled persons in all spheres of life.

3.1.1 Key Provisions of the RPwD Act

  • Section 3 of the RPwD Act mandates equality and non-discrimination for persons with disabilities. It emphasizes that the government and private institutions must take appropriate measures to ensure that disabled persons are not discriminated against in accessing services, education, or employment.
  • Section 12 ensures that persons with disabilities have equal recognition before the law and guarantees them the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.
  • Section 13 provides for access to justice, emphasizing the need for procedural accommodations that make legal proceedings more accessible for persons with disabilities. This is particularly relevant to the judiciary’s use of language, as it mandates the elimination of barriers—linguistic and otherwise—that hinder access to justice.

The Supreme Court’s handbook aligns with the RPwD Act’s mandate, ensuring that language does not become a tool of discrimination or stigmatization but rather supports the empowerment of persons with disabilities.

3.2 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)

India is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), a global treaty that aims to promote, protect, and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities. The convention promotes a rights-based approach to disability, moving away from a charity model or medical model toward a social model of disability that emphasizes eliminating barriers to full participation in society.

The RPwD Act, 2016, was enacted to bring India’s legal framework in compliance with the principles laid out in the UNCRPD. It emphasizes that persons with disabilities should be treated as full members of society with rights to non-discrimination, equality, and accessibility.

Read more about the RPwD Act on the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s website.


4. Key Recommendations of the Supreme Court Handbook

4.1 Avoiding Stereotype-Perpetuating Words

The handbook provides a list of 36 stereotype-perpetuating words and their suggested alternatives. These recommendations are designed to ensure that the language used by judges and legal professionals is respectful, accurate, and non-offensive. The following are examples of such terms:

  • Avoid: “Crazy,” “insane,” “demented,” “lunatic”
    Use Instead: “Person with a mental health condition,” “person experiencing a mental health condition”
  • Avoid: “Addict,” “alcoholic”
    Use Instead: “Person with a substance use condition,” “person with an alcohol addiction”
  • Avoid: “Trauma victim”
    Use Instead: “Trauma survivor”

The language used must reflect a person’s humanity first and foremost, and legal language should not perpetuate outdated stereotypes that compound discrimination.

4.2 Adopting Neutral and Context-Specific Language

The handbook urges the judiciary to adopt neutral language that avoids making value judgments about a person’s experience with disability. Judges must also carefully consider whether the mention of a person’s disability is even relevant to the case. For instance, while a person’s visual impairment may be relevant to evaluating witness testimony in a case, it would not be relevant in other legal matters where disability does not directly impact the case.

Moreover, the handbook emphasizes that language should reflect the individual’s experience, and it is best to ask individuals how they wish to be identified. For example, some individuals with disabilities may prefer identity-first language, while others may prefer people-first language.

4.3 Ensuring Representation and Inclusion

The Supreme Court’s initiative also ties into the broader movement for disability inclusion within the judiciary and beyond. By changing the way language is used to refer to persons with disabilities, the judiciary can help challenge the attitudes and stereotypes that have long perpetuated inequality and discrimination. The handbook’s recommendations contribute to the social and legal inclusion of disabled persons by encouraging judges, lawyers, and society at large to rethink their language and approach to disability.


Conclusion: Language as a Tool for Empowerment

The Supreme Court’s Handbook Concerning Persons with Disabilities represents a significant step forward in promoting inclusive and respectful language when addressing or referring to persons with disabilities. The judiciary’s role in shaping societal norms cannot be overstated, and by avoiding dehumanizing language, judges and legal professionals can contribute to a more inclusive society.

Adopting a people-first approach and ensuring that language empowers rather than marginalizes individuals is not only a legal obligation under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 but also a moral and ethical imperative. In line with international standards such as the UNCRPD, this initiative demonstrates India’s commitment to ensuring the dignity, rights, and inclusion of all persons, regardless of ability.

As language continues to evolve, so too must our understanding and respect for the diversity of experiences lived by persons with disabilities. The judiciary’s leadership in this regard sets a precedent for other sectors to follow, ensuring that justice, equality, and inclusion are the cornerstones of India’s legal and social fabric.

FAQs

1. What did the Supreme Court say about the use of dehumanizing language?

The Supreme Court advised judges and legal professionals to avoid using dehumanizing language when referring to persons with disabilities and encouraged adopting inclusive and respectful terminology.

2. Why is language important in addressing persons with disabilities?

Language shapes societal perceptions and can either perpetuate stigma or foster dignity and inclusion. Using respectful language empowers individuals and challenges stereotypes.

People-first language prioritizes the individual over their disability. For example, saying “person with a disability” instead of “disabled person.” This approach emphasizes the humanity of individuals.

4. What laws support the rights of disabled persons in India?

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) promote the rights of disabled persons and advocate for their full inclusion in society.

5. What are some terms the Supreme Court advised against using?

The Supreme Court’s handbook advised against terms like “crippled,” “retard,” “insane,” and “mad.” Instead, respectful terms like “person with a disability” or “person with a mental health condition” should be used.

#DisabilityRights #SupremeCourtIndia #DisabilityLaw #DisabilityInclusion #JudicialReform #Doonlawmentor

7 Comments

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    burden acquire pitfall. That stated, whereas lower testosterone can contribute to those shifts that lead to weight
    gain, it’s usually one issue amongst several.
    It is essential to observe your hormone ranges beneath the steering of a medical skilled.
    Human Growth Hormone (HGH) remedy is another choice for these trying to lose weight and improve overall well being.
    The pituitary gland produces HGH, a hormone that encourages cell development and regeneration in people.
    As we age, our natural manufacturing of HGH declines, resulting in decreased
    muscle mass and elevated fat storage. By rising your
    body’s testosterone ranges through TRT, you might experience improved muscle
    mass and reduced fat storage which finally helps with weight
    reduction efforts. To shed pounds with low testosterone,
    males should focus on a balanced food plan, regular train (including each power training and cardio), enough sleep, and stress administration. These
    life-style adjustments can enhance the effectiveness of
    testosterone therapy and enhance total well being.

    Some research have indicated that testosterone can enhance hunger, whereas others have discovered no significant impact on appetite.

    And the diploma of weight loss could have an result on the extent to which
    its ranges improve. However, a 2012 examine noted that once vitamin D
    ranges in overweight people are adjusted for physique dimension, there’s no distinction between levels in obese and non-obese people (7).
    For the first 10 weeks, all members had been positioned on a strict 600 kcal per
    day very-low calorie food regimen. They had been additionally inspired to abstain from
    alcohol and carry out no less than half-hour a day of reasonable
    exercise. Many of the fellows were speaking about weight achieve and the way TRT helped them
    lose it. In an effort to shed pounds, my wife and I took every day mile-long walks on the seaside.

    All in all, it’s clear that elevated testosterone levels can help you obtain and keep a wholesome weight and physique fats percentage.
    If you start to shed weight, your testosterone levels will
    also naturally start to rise. This discount leads to a better testosterone-to-estrogen ratio,
    permitting testosterone ranges to extend. Train,
    particularly power training, performs a vital role in serving to males with low
    testosterone lose weight. It helps construct muscle, which might improve metabolism, leading to extra calories burned.

  • While long-term studies are nonetheless unavailable on these points,
    a smoother, extra pure serum testosterone degree can be obtained with the patches.

    Transdermal techniques, nonetheless, are far more expensive than the parenteral preparations.
    Whereas TRT presents many benefits, you will need to
    perceive the risks and limitations of this treatment.
    Aspect results like zits, temper swings, and fluid retention can happen, and there
    are potential long-term dangers, including impacts on cardiovascular
    and prostate health. For these causes, men present process TRT
    should have common check-ups with their physician to observe
    their progress and regulate remedy if wanted. It’s important to note that while
    TRT might help many males enhance their sexual well being, it is not a remedy for ED, particularly if different health points are current.

    No Matter methodology you choose, do not forget
    that you’re not alone and that there are ways to beat erectile dysfunction. There
    are as many alternative causes of ED, as there are medical
    treatments. For those bodybuilders who Don’t use steroids are excited about different therapies, melatonin is one option. Erectile dysfunction (ED) may be frustrating and
    embarrassing for the numerous men who’re affected by it.
    In Accordance to the Nationwide Institutes of Well Being
    (NIH), ED impacts about 30 million men within the Usa, and those numbers enhance with age.
    The NIH additionally reports that about four p.c of males in their 50s
    and about 17 % of men in their 60s report that they’re
    utterly unable to get an erection.
    A lot of individuals are apprehensive that it is going to bloat them, hold water subcutaneously and type
    of wash them out. So really makes your muscular tissues search for and type of
    stretches your pores and skin slightly bit more. Vitamin B3, in any other case generally known as
    niacin, is among the few nutritional vitamins with promising
    analysis some efficacy in boosting erectile perform. That said, the pattern size of the existing studies has been very small.

    A 2018 examine discovered that sexual dysfunction, significantly ED, was common in folks with
    alcohol dependence syndrome. ED can lead to further psychological well being points, together with emotional distress and lower vanity, which might additional worsen ED.
    Be sure you talk to your healthcare supplier before taking yohimbe supplements.

    Speak to your healthcare provider about whether L-arginine dietary supplements are right for you
    and at what dosage.
    This sort of surgical procedure may help to restore sufficient blood move to the penis.
    Younger individuals are typically higher candidates for
    this type of procedure. Findings from a 2019 research evaluation counsel that acupuncture
    might assist deal with psychological ED, however more
    studies are wanted to substantiate its effectiveness.

    Don’t buy herbs and dietary supplements for ED therapy except you speak along with your doctor first.
    Many aren’t regulated by the Meals and Drug Administration (FDA), which suggests they might contain extra components not listed on their labels.

    As famous above, solely 30% of individuals expertise an increase
    in testosterone levels when taking supplements containing frequent testosterone-boosting components.
    If you’re on the lookout for a easy approach to attempt to naturally improve testosterone ranges, the
    dietary supplements on this listing may be beneficial. However, while there are evidence-based ways to naturally assist healthy
    testosterone levels, there’s limited analysis on the effectiveness of
    testosterone boosters. Testosterone boosters purpose to improve the levels
    of testosterone, a hormone that plays a key function in a
    number of features of health. These dietary supplements include compounds that can both increase testosterone
    or associated hormones immediately, or help stop your physique from converting testosterone into estrogen.
    If your health permits, your doctor could recommend that you just stop taking it for a time frame to see in case your ED improves.

    Less bioavailable but useful for short-term relief of digestive issues.
    Gentle on the stomach and has calming effects, making it
    perfect for these with a delicate digestive system.
    And we take this with vitamin D3, as a outcome of vitamin D3 is fat-soluble.
    So you either must eat it with a meal or fat like in a fish oil capsule here.
    Now for me personally, we consume, we’re looking at two to three grams of it mixed EPA DHA.
    So don’t just look at in case your fish oil is one
    gram and it’s got a low EPA DHA, you are going to must take much more of those capsules to find a way to get
    that two to 3 grams of combined EPA DHA.
    Lantus is an extended performing form of insulin used to treat
    kind 1 or sort 2 diabetes. Humalog (insulin lispro) is used
    to treat kind 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in adults.
    We Have scoured the most prominent scientific journals to search out out which
    testosterone boosters you possibly can trust.
    Be sure to discuss these together with your physician when you determine to bear surgery for ED.

  • Zudem ist hier eine tägliche eigenverantwortliche Anwendung notwendig, um den Therapieerfolg nicht
    zu gefährden. Was von außen in ausreichender oder sogar überzogener Menge zugeführt, dessen Produktion wird
    weitgehend zurückgefahren oder ganz eingestellt. Ein guter Arzt
    wird auch zu solchen Maßnahmen raten und die Testosteronersatztherapie erst anordnen, wenn sich die Messwerte trotz
    Intervention nicht verbessern. Typische Symptome sind
    Antriebslosigkeit, Schlafstörungen, verminderte sexuelle Lust und
    Potenzstörungen sowie eine reduzierte Spermienbildung.

    Der überwiegende Anteil des Testosterons ist im
    Blut an die Proteine Albumin oder SHBG gebunden. Das freie Testosteron ist im
    Gegensatz zum gebundenen bioaktiv und daher für die Feststellung eines eventuellen Mangels eigentlich interessanter, jedoch sind die Messverfahren hier unpräzise.
    Die Testosteronersatztherapie wird nur eingesetzt, wenn ein Arzt einen dauerhaft zu niedrigen Testosteronspiegel beim Patienten feststellt.

    Ein erhöhter Testosteronspiegel regt die Talgdrüsen an, was zu fettiger
    Haut und Akne führen kann. Vor allem junge Männer und Patienten mit hohen Dosierungen sind betroffen. Testosteron-Injektionen wie Enantat und Nebido® sind effektive
    Behandlungsoptionen, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungsprofilen und Anwendungsanforderungen.
    Eine Testosteron-Ersatztherapie dient vorwiegend der langfristigen Behandlung eines Testosteronmangels.
    In diesem Artikel lernst du über die verschiedenen Therapie-Methoden, den Ablauf,
    die Nebenwirkungen und die Kosten einer Testosteron-Ersatztherapie.

    Für eine sogenannte hormonelle Substitutionstherapie wird ein Rezept benötigt, was eine vorherige Untersuchung bei einem Arzt voraussetzt.
    Sie sollten allerdings, von unseriösen Anbietern Abstand nehmen, die kein Rezept verlangen. Ein Mangel an Testosteron kann zu Hypogonadismus führen, eine hormonelle (endokrine) Funktionsstörung.
    Die Ursache liegt hauptsächlich in einer gestörten Hormonproduktion in den Hoden oder einer Störung von übergeordneten Hormon- Steuer- Zellen im Gehirn.
    Es ist ratsam, sich vorher mit einem Arzt auszutauschen, um die persönlichen Bedürfnisse und Ziele zu klären. Realistische Erwartungen bezüglich der möglichen Vorteile psychedelische drogen und testosteron (Nicolas) Nebenwirkungen der Testosterontherapie sind ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung.
    Testosteron ist nicht nur ein Förderer von Muskelmasse;
    es hat auch eine wesentliche Bedeutung für das allgemeine
    Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit. Für eine hormonelle Substitutionstherapie mit Testosteron wird in jedem
    Fall ein Rezept benötigt und demnach eine Untersuchung beim
    Facharzt vorausgesetzt. Unbedingt Abstand zu nehmen ist von diversen unseriösen Anbietern,
    die kein Rezept verlangen (einige Internetanbieter).

    Um die Kosten für die Testosterontherapie von Ihrer PKV erstattet zu bekommen, sollten Sie einige Schritte beachten. Zunächst benötigen Sie eine ärztliche Verordnung,
    die die Notwendigkeit der Therapie bestätigt. Anschließend sollten Sie alle Belege und Rechnungen sorgfältig aufbewahren und bei
    Ihrer PKV einreichen. In vielen Fällen ist es sinnvoll, vorab eine Kostenzusage bei der PKV zu beantragen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Therapie erstattet wird.

    Achten Sie darauf, alle erforderlichen Unterlagen und Anträge vollständig einzureichen, um Verzögerungen zu vermeiden.
    Entdecke, wie eine gezielte Behandlung Deine Lebensqualität nachhaltig verbessern kann.
    Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass die Testosterontherapie in der
    PKV unter bestimmten Bedingungen erstattet werden kann.

    Es ist jedoch wichtig, sich im Vorfeld gut zu informieren und alle notwendigen Schritte zu beachten, um eine reibungslose Kostenübernahme zu gewährleisten.
    Durch seine über 35 Jahre Erfahrung als niedergelassener Arzt mit eigener Praxis verfügt Dr.
    med.
    Zudem sollten auch die Kosten für die ärztlichen Untersuchungen und Konsultationen in Betracht gezogen werden, die ebenfalls von der PKV erstattet werden könnten. Es ist
    wichtig, alle Aspekte der Therapie und deren Kosten im Vorfeld zu klären, um böse Überraschungen zu vermeiden. Solltest du an einem Testosteronmangel leiden und eine Testosteron-Ersatztherapie ist “zwingend notwendig”, dann übernimmt die gesetzliche Krankenkasse die Kosten.
    Als ich Mitte 20 für ganze 2 Jahre an Erektionsstörungen aufgrund eines Testosteronmangels litt, habe ich aus Verzweiflung meinen Urologen auf eine Testosteron-Ersatztherapie angesprochen.
    Trotz der Tatsache, dass Testosteron ein körpereigenes Sexualhormon ist, birgt die Einnahme einige Risiken.
    Die Testosteronersatztherapie (TRT) wird eingesetzt, um einen Mangel an Testosteron, dem sogenannten männlichen Sexualhormon, zu behandeln. Symptome eines
    Testosteronmangels können unter anderem
    Müdigkeit, Libidoverlust und Muskelabbau sein. Die Therapie kann in verschiedenen Formen erfolgen, wie Injektionen, Pflaster oder
    Gele. Es ist wichtig, dass eine TRT immer unter ärztlicher
    Aufsicht durchgeführt wird, um mögliche Nebenwirkungen zu minimieren und die
    richtige Dosierung zu gewährleisten.
    Ganz ohne Nebenwirkungen kommt die Testosteronersatztherapie nicht
    aus. Zudem sollte sie stets unter ärztlicher Aufsicht erfolgen, um Folgeschäden beispielsweise
    an der Prostata auszuschließen. Bei professioneller Begleitung und guter
    Einstellung gilt die Testosteronersatztherapie jedoch als äußert
    sicher und kann das Wohlbefinden der Betroffenen ganzheitlich verbessern. Die langzeitwirksame sogenannte
    Depot-Spritze ist hierbei deutlich kostengünstiger und angenehmer für den Patienten.

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